What makes a great outsourcing contract? Part II

Flexibilityfrom the off.
A contract needs to be firm as heck - but it alsoSimilarly, the modern bane of data protection needs to
needs to be flexible if it's going to facilitate a flourishingbe involved in the contract - specifically, who handles
and successful relationship. Outsourcing arrangementswhat data when, and what steps must be taken by
need to cater for a vast variety of potential changesboth parties to ensure the security of said data. For
in the business and legislative environment of theinstance, losing customers' personal details can be
parties in question: new laws and regulations, newdevastating enough to a company's image without
technology, currency fluctuations, changing businessinvoking the specter of outsourcing or offshoring. If a
needs of the end user or users, and differentprovider is to be handling large quantities of potentially
macro-economic circumstances can all have drasticdamaging data it is imperative that how that data is to
impacts upon the way a company operates andbe handled is specified at the contract stage, allowing
interacts with its partners, and unfortunately a contractthe buyer at least some input into how that most
needs to be prepared for any and all of theseprecious and potentially devastating commodity is
changes. Being tied into paying your provider in theircared for.
home currency while it suddenly appreciates 50 perDispute resolution
cent in a year can suddenly make a contract an awfulIn an ideal world, just as in marriage, partners in
lot less attractive to a buyer of services…outsourcing would never argue… But - alas! - it's not
Of course, the contract itself (especially if it's going toan ideal world and some form of dispute, however
get anywhere near the lean ideal) can't provide forminor, is going to come up from time to time in any
every eventuality. What it can do, and should do, isform of relationship as convoluted and complex as
provide an adequate framework for both parties tooutsourcing. While the great majority of problems will
come together and analyze how the operatingbe minor enough to be able to be sorted out quickly
environment has changed and what steps need to beand without the need to turn to the rulebook, in some
taken to keep the relationship viable from bothless happy circumstances a quiet word or two just
perspectives. Similarly to the need for a robust disputewon't cut the mustard and more formal dispute
resolution framework as discussed below, there is aresolution procedures will have to be put into play.
requirement from very early on in the agreement for aBut what procedures? Again, this is where the
structure intended to cope with the vagaries of doingcontract becomes critical. By specifying the structure
business together in a hectic world; while events mayof the dispute resolution mechanism, a good contract -
conspire against the signatory parties, at least if theirwhile not providing all the answers itself - will enable
contract provides some form of blueprint for workingthe signatory parties to work together to resolve their
together, some progress may be made.issues (and it's rare indeed to find a dispute that
Contemplating what events might require suchgenuinely doesn't have a resolution lurking somewhere).
contractual flexibility is a full-time job in itself - especiallyOutlining how a grievance is to be addressed, how
in a globalized business environment with servicespromptly, under what circumstances, and by whom,
being delivered from a global platform. Nevertheless, abefore the fact, is a great step towards ensuring that
well-drafted contract and two parties looking forif disagreements do arise they can at least be ironed
solutions rather than recriminations are the bestout by a pre-agreed process. If after that process has
foundation for overcoming whatever obstacles arebeen carried out, one or other of the parties is
thrown in the way of the relationship.unhappy with the resolution, they will at least be aware
Fairnessthat they were partly responsible for the drawing-up of
As stated above, the ideal outsourcing deal is a truethe resolution process itself and agreed to be bound
partnership, a coming-together of ideas and talents. Butby its decision.
even if an agreement doesn't reach those dizzySome contracts allow for the involvement of external
heights it needs to display a suitable degree of fairnessconciliation agencies while others specify that resolution
if the relationship's not to break down terminally. Ais to be achieved internally to the two parties.
contract should be something both sides are happy toHowever it's agreed, though, it's important to note that
stick by for the duration of the deal, not look to workthe mechanism must be arranged in accordance with
around or through as soon as the ink's on the dottedall relevant laws and regulations (compliance being as
line. The concept of fairness here doesn't meanmuch of an issue here as anywhere else) and that this
equality - there's still a buyer and a provider, after all -may result in external parties (such as unions or trades
but it does mean creating a contract where, as far abodies) being involved as a consequence even if the
possible, all parties believe they've got a good deal.contract specifies otherwise. Once again due diligence
The stereotypical example of an unfair agreement isis vital here.
one where the buyer's negotiating team has, for want 
of a better phrase, done a number on theirTermination preparedness
counterparts within the vendor organization, obtainingAll things must end, so they say - and outsourcing
extremely favorable financial terms. What tends todeals are certainly no different. However, a great deal
happen in such cases is that the vendor is forced toof pain and inconvenience can be avoided if that very
operate on extremely reduced margins and, invariably,fact is faced head-on from the beginning rather than
starts giving more attention to more lucrativeswept under the carpet. A good contract will specify
relationships or even begins to think of ways toas clearly as possible how the relationship can be
terminate the deal. With Outsourcing 1.0 wherebrought to an end smoothly and without disruption to
companies view the process as a cost-reductionthe buyer's core activities. Most deals agree that even
exercise pure and simple, and where the emphasis atif one side cancels the agreement unilaterally (with
contract is on keeping as much cash as possible offwhatever consequences already outlined within the
the table, it's easy to see how this lack of fairness cancontract), whichever side that may be, the provider will
quite frequently manifest itself in unsatisfactorystill continue to offer the contractually agreed service
agreements - especially when the buyer is a very biguntil either a set period has elapsed or another provider
player with serious economic clout, or in a buyer'shas been secured. The consequences for a
market where providers are constantly exposed tocompany's reputation, of course, of not following
the danger of being undercut.through on those guarantees would be catastrophic
Because of the intimate and long-term nature ofand buyers should feel confident that even in the
outsourcing relationships, however, it's vitally importantevent of a total breakdown in the relationship, the
for a buyer to keep their provider happy (or at leastservice itself won't be affected.
content) and keen to keep their client's custom -Some contracts specify a "right of step-in" whereby
without, of course, becoming something of a softthe buyer receives the right to take control of the
target. Approaching a contract with the concept ofrelevant portion of the provider's staff and
mutual fairness, rather than penny-pinching, at theinfrastructure to ensure uninterrupted service; whether
forefront of the mind will help reduce the possibility thator not those rights are arrogated, some kind of
the terms of the contract will be the tripwires that bringanswer to the question "what if the worst happens?"
the entire agreement tumbling down.needs to be given at the contract stage.
Incentives and penaltiesAlso useful is an agreement on transferring data and
The aforementioned requirement for fairnessknowledge from one provider to a successor firm in
notwithstanding, it's crucial to specify penalties whichthe event of the non-renewal of a deal. Throwing toys
will come into play in the case of  sub-optimal serviceout of the pram is all very well for infants but a
provision - as well as the incentives encouraging bothmulti-million-dollar service provider parting company with
parties to up their games. However such penalties anda multi-billion-dollar client can't exactly just sulk and
incentives are going to be shaped, it's important thatrefuse to give back relevant data and systems - well,
they be, firstly, fair (of course), but moreover that theythat is, it can't if the contract specifies a certain
be designed as a result of the clear focus on the endprocess in such an eventuality. A mutual agreement
result discussed earlier. The idea is not (NB, buyers) toneeds to be reach which specifies that even if the
recoup a substantial percentage of the fees throughbuyer is transferring its deal to the provider's biggest
penalty fines; nor is it (here's looking at you, vendors) torival, it will be business as usual until the final day of the
tie the buyer in to an increasingly exorbitant rewardexisting arrangement. The contract will presumably
system for exceeding certain targets.also specify early-termination penalties and, as
Rather, the point is to increase service quality,mentioned, a dispute resolution process which can be
efficiency and effectiveness. Yes, financial rewardsutilized in an attempt to prevent a permanent
and penalties can help do this - but they're not ends inbreakdown in relations. 
themselves. Badly calculated incentives and penalties
can scupper the most promising of relationships (andThis article was first published on the Shared Services
at the beginning of a relationship, with a lot of learning& Outsourcing Network (SSON) - Read it here:
still to be done about where precisely the baselinesAbout The Shared Services & Outsourcing
may lie, it is at any rate advisable to be relatively lightNetwork (SSON)
of touch when it comes to putting incentives andSSON is the largest and most established community
disincentives in place).of shared services and outsourcing professionals, with
Intellectual property and data protectionover 25,000 members.
IP is a huge issue in outsourcing - whole fields of studySSON provides the roof under which key industry
and practice are emerging from those mere twoexperts and organizations share their experience,
letters - but however complicated that issue may be,knowledge and tools, and practitioner peers connect
many serious problems can be headed off in advancewith other all over the world, both face to face and
by outlining IP responsibilities and entitlements at mainonline.
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process, software, data - needs to be spelt out at theproviding training, tools, and networking opportunities.
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extremely nasty clashes down the line. Buyers andYork, London, Singapore, Sydney, Berlin and Dubai to
vendors alike need to keep a close eye on anyresearch current trends and developments in shared
proprietary software or systems being used in anyservices.
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