How computer software works


Application software overview

Application software is a subclass ofsoftware may be indistinguishable to the
computer software that employs theuser, as in the case of software used to
capabilities of a computer directly to a taskcontrol  a VCR, DVD player or Microwave Oven.
that the user wishes to perform. This should
be contrasted with system software which isThere are many subtypes of Application
involved in integrating a computer's variousSoftware:
capabilities, but typically does not directly
apply them in the performance of tasks thatEnterprise software addresses the needs of
benefit the user. In this context the termorganization processes and data flow, often
application refers to both the applicationin a large distributed ecosystem. (Examples
software  and  its  implementation.include Financial, Customer Relationship
Management, and Supply Chain Management).
A simple, if imperfect, analogy in the worldNote that Departmental Software is a sub-type
of hardware would be the relationship of anof Enterprise Software with a focus on
electric light—ansmaller organizations or groups within a
application—to an electric powerlarge organization. (Examples include Travel
generation plant—the system. The powerExpense  Management,  and  IT  Helpdesk)
plant merely generates electricity, itself
not really of any use until harnessed to anEnterprise infrastructure software provides
application like the electric light whichcommon capabilities needed to create
performs  a  service  that  the user desires.Enterprise Software systems. (Examples
include Databases, Email servers, and Network
The exact delineation between the operatingand  Security  Management)
system and application software is not
precise, however, and is occasionally subjectInformation worker software addresses the
to controversy. For example, one of the keyneeds of individuals to create and manage
questions in the United States v. Microsoftinformation, often for individual projects
antitrust trial was whether Microsoft'swithin a department, in contrast to
Internet Explorer web browser was part of itsenterprise management. Examples include time
Windows operating system or a separable piecemanagement, resource management,
of application software. As another example,documentation tools, analytical, and
the GNU/Linux naming controversy is, in part,collaborative. Word processors, spreadsheets,
due to disagreement about the relationshipemail and blog clients, personal information
between the Linux kernel and the Linuxsystem, and individual media editors may aid
operating  system.in  multiple  information  worker  tasks.
Typical examples of software applications areMedia and entertainment software addresses
word processors, spreadsheets, and mediathe needs of individuals and groups to
players.consume digital entertainment and published
digital content. (Examples include Media
Multiple applications bundled together as aPlayers, Web Browsers, Help browsers, and
package are sometimes referred to as anGames)
application suite. Microsoft Office and
OpenOffice.org, which bundle together a wordEducational software is related to Media and
processor, a spreadsheet, and several otherEntertainment Software, but has distinct
discrete applications, are typical examples.requirements for delivering evaluations
The separate applications in a suite usually(tests) and tracking progress through
have a user interface that has somematerial. It is also related to collaboration
commonality making it easier for the user tosoftware in that many Educational Software
learn and use each application. And oftensystems  include collaborative capabilities.
they may have some capability to interact
with each other in ways beneficial to theMedia development software addresses the
user. For example, a spreadsheet might beneeds of individuals who generate print and
able to be embedded in a word processorelectronic media for others to consume, most
document even though it had been created inoften in a commercial or educational setting.
the  separate  spreadsheet  application.This includes Graphic Art software, Desktop
Publishing software, Multimedia Development
User-written software tailors systems to meetsoftware, HTML editors, Digital Animation
the user's specific needs. User-writteneditors, Digital Audio and Video composition,
software include spreadsheet templates, wordand  many  others.
processor macros, scientific simulations,
graphics and animation scripts. Even emailProduct engineering software is used in
filters are a kind of user software. Usersdeveloping hardware and software products.
create this software themselves and oftenThis includes computer aided design (CAD),
overlook  how  important  it  is.computer aided engineering (CAE), computer
language editing and compiling tools,
In some types of embedded systems, theIntegrated Development Environments, and
application software and the operating systemApplication Programmer Interfaces.



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